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GI Joe or Average Joe? The impact of average-size and muscular male fashion models on men's and women's body image and advertising effectiveness
Diedrichs, P. C. and Lee, C. (2010) GI Joe or Average Joe? The impact of average-size and muscular male fashion models on men's and women's body image and advertising effectiveness. Body Image, 7 (3). pp. 218-226. ISSN 1740-1445
Publisher's URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.03.004 AbstractIncreasing body size and shape diversity in media imagery may promote positive body image. While research has largely focused on female models and women’s body image, men may also be affected by unrealistic images. We examined the impact of average-size and muscular male fashion models on men’s and women’s body image and perceived advertisement effectiveness. A sample of 330 men and 289 women viewed one of four advertisement conditions: no models, muscular, average-slim or average-large models. Men and women rated average-size models as equally effective in advertisements as muscular models. For men, exposure to average-size models was associated with more positive body image in comparison to viewing no models, but no difference was found in comparison to muscular models. Similar results were found for women. Internalisation of beauty ideals did not moderate these effects. These findings suggest that average-size male models can promote positive body image and appeal to consumers.
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