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Face recognition and verification using photometric stereo: The photoface database and a comprehensive evaluation

Atkinson, Gary A.; Hansen, Mark F.; Smith, Melvyn L.; Smith, Lyndon N.; Atkinson, Gary; Hansen, Mark F; Zafeiriou, Stefanos; Smith, Melvyn; Smith, William A.P.; Smith, Lyndon; Argyriou, Vasileios; Petrou, Maria

Face recognition and verification using photometric stereo: The photoface database and a comprehensive evaluation Thumbnail


Authors

Gary A. Atkinson

Mark F. Hansen

Melvyn L. Smith

Lyndon N. Smith

Mark Hansen Mark.Hansen@uwe.ac.uk
Professor of Machine Vision and Machine Learning

Stefanos Zafeiriou

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Melvyn Smith Melvyn.Smith@uwe.ac.uk
Research Centre Director Vision Lab/Prof

William A.P. Smith

Lyndon Smith Lyndon.Smith@uwe.ac.uk
Professor in Computer Simulation and Machine

Vasileios Argyriou

Maria Petrou



Abstract

This paper presents a new database suitable for both 2-D and 3-D face recognition based on photometric stereo (PS): the Photoface database. The database was collected using a custom-made four-source PS device designed to enable data capture with minimal interaction necessary from the subjects. The device, which automatically detects the presence of a subject using ultrasound, was placed at the entrance to a busy workplace and captured 1839 sessions of face images with natural pose and expression. This meant that the acquired data is more realistic for everyday use than existing databases and is, therefore, an invaluable test bed for state-of-the-art recognition algorithms. The paper also presents experiments of various face recognition and verification algorithms using the albedo, surface normals, and recovered depth maps. Finally, we have conducted experiments in order to demonstrate how different methods in the pipeline of PS (i.e., normal field computation and depth map reconstruction) affect recognition and verification performance. These experiments help to 1) demonstrate the usefulness of PS, and our device in particular, for minimal-interaction face recognition, and 2) highlight the optimal reconstruction and recognition algorithms for use with natural-expression PS data. The database can be downloaded from http://www.uwe.ac.uk/research/ Photoface. © 2005-2012 IEEE.

Citation

Smith, L. N., Smith, M. L., Hansen, M. F., Atkinson, G. A., Zafeiriou, S., Atkinson, G., …Smith, L. (2013). Face recognition and verification using photometric stereo: The photoface database and a comprehensive evaluation. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 8(1), 121-135. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2012.2224109

Journal Article Type Article
Publication Date Jan 15, 2013
Publicly Available Date Jun 7, 2019
Journal IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Print ISSN 1556-6013
Publisher Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 8
Issue 1
Pages 121-135
DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2012.2224109
Keywords face database, face recognition/verification, photometric stereo
Public URL https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/935910
Publisher URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2012.2224109

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