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Point of care monitoring of hemodialysis patients with a breath ammonia measurement device based on printed polyaniline nanoparticle sensors

Killard, Anthony J.; Hibbard, Troy; Crowley, Karl; Kelly, Frank; Ward, Frank; Holian, John; Watson, Alan; Killard, Anthony

Authors

Anthony J. Killard

Troy Hibbard

Karl Crowley

Frank Kelly

Frank Ward

John Holian

Alan Watson



Abstract

A device for measuring human breath ammonia was developed based on a single use, disposable, inkjet printed ammonia sensor fabricated using polyaniline nanoparticles. The device was optimized for sampling ammonia in human breath samples by addressing issues such as variations in breath sample volume, flow rate, sources of oral ammonia, temperature and humidity. The resulting system was capable of measuring ammonia in breath from 40 to 2993 ppbv (r2= 0.99, n = 3) as correlated with photoacoustic laser spectroscopy and correlation in normal human breath samples yielded a slope of 0.93 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.9705 (p < 0.05, n = 11). Measurement of ammonia in the breath of patients with end-stage kidney disease demonstrated its significant reduction following dialysis, while also correlating well with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (r = 0.61, p < 0.01, n = 96). Excellent intraindividual correlations were demonstrated between breath ammonia and BUN (0.86 to 0.96), which demonstrates the possibility of using low cost point of care breath ammonia systems as a noninvasive means of monitoring kidney dysfunction and treatment. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

Citation

Killard, A. J., Hibbard, T., Crowley, K., Kelly, F., Ward, F., Holian, J., …Killard, A. (2013). Point of care monitoring of hemodialysis patients with a breath ammonia measurement device based on printed polyaniline nanoparticle sensors. Analytical Chemistry, 85(24), 12158-12165. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac403472d

Journal Article Type Article
Publication Date Dec 17, 2013
Journal Analytical Chemistry
Print ISSN 0003-2700
Electronic ISSN 1520-6882
Publisher American Chemical Society
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 85
Issue 24
Pages 12158-12165
DOI https://doi.org/10.1021/ac403472d
Keywords breath monitoring, ammonia, haemodialysis, polyeniline, sensor, point of care
Public URL https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/925157
Publisher URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac403472d