Browse by Creator

A

Adamatzky, A. , de Lacy Costello, B. and Bull, L. (2011) On polymorphic logical gates in subexcitable chemical medium. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 21 (07). pp. 1977-1986. ISSN 0218-1274

Adamatzky, A. , de Lacy Costello, B. , Holley, J. , Gorecki, J. and Bull, L. (2011) Vesicle computers: Approximating a Voronoi diagram using Voronoi automata. Chaos Solitons and Fractals, 44 (7). pp. 480-489. ISSN 0960-0779

Alonso-Sanz, R. and Bull, L. (2009) Elementary cellular automata with minimal memory and random number generation. Complex Systems, 18 (2). pp. 195-219. ISSN 0891-2513

Alonso-Sanz, R. and Bull, L. (2009) A very effective density classifier two-dimensional cellular automaton with memory. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, 42 (48). p. 485101. ISSN 1751-8113

Aickelin, U. and Bull, L. (2008) On the application of hierarchical coevolutionary genetic algorithms: Recombination and evaluation partners. Journal of Applied System Studies, 4 (2). pp. 2-17.

Aickelin, U. and Bull, L. (2008) Partnering strategies for fitness evaluation in a pyramidal evolutionary algorithm. arXiv preprint arXiv:0801.3550.

Alonso-Sanz, R. and Bull, L. (2008) Random number generation by cellular automata with memory. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 19 (02). pp. 351-367. ISSN 0129-1831

Alonso-Sanz, R. and Bull, L. (2008) Boolean networks with memory. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 18 (12). pp. 3799-3814. ISSN 0218-1274

Alonso-Sanz, R. and Bull, L. (2008) Elementary coupled cellular automata with memory. In: Automata, 2008, Bristol, UK, 12-14 June, Bristol, UK, 12-14 June 2008. Bristol, UK: UNSPECIFIED, pp. 72-99

Alonso-Sanz, R. and Bull, L. (2008) One-dimensional coupled cellular automata with memory: Initial investigations. Journal of Cellular Automata, 5. pp. 29-49. ISSN 1557-5969

Adamatzky, A. , de Lacy Costello, B. , Bull, L. , Stepney, S. and Teuscher, C. (2007) Unconventional computing 2007. Frome: Luniver Press. ISBN 978-1-905986-05-7

Ahluwalia, M. and Bull, L. (2001) Coevolving functions in genetic programming. Journal of Systems Architecture, 47 (7). pp. 573-585. ISSN 1383-7621

Ahluwalia, M. , Bull, L. and Banzhaf, W. (1999) A genetic programming-based classifier system. In: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 1999., pp. 11-18

Ahluwalia, M. and Bull, L. (1998) Co-evolving functions in genetic programming: Dynamic ADF creation using GLiB. In: Porto, W. V. , Saravanan, N. , Waagen, D. E. and Eiben, A. , eds. (1998) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Evolutionary Programming VII. London: Springer-Verlag, pp. 809-818. ISBN 3540648917

B

Bull, L. (2012) Using genetical and cultural search to design unorganised machines. Evolutionary Intelligence, 5 (1). pp. 23-33. ISSN 1864-5909

Bull, L. (2012) Evolving boolean networks on tunable fitness landscapes. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 16 (6). pp. 817-828. ISSN 1089-778X

Bull, L. (2011) Towards a mapping of modern AIS and LCS. In: Liò, P. , Nicosia, G. and Stibor, T. , eds. (2011) Artificial Immune Systems. Springer, pp. 371-382. ISBN 9783642223709

Bull, L. (2010) Artificial symbiogenesis and differing reproduction rates. Artificial Life, 16 (1). pp. 65-72. ISSN 1064-5462

Bull, L. (2009) On dynamical genetic programming: Simple boolean networks in learning classifier systems. International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 24 (5). pp. 421-442. ISSN 1744-5760

Bull, L. and Preen, R. (2009) On dynamical genetic programming: Random boolean networks in learning classifier systems. Genetic Programming. pp. 37-48.

Bull, L. and Alonso-Sanz, A. (2008) On coupling random boolean networks. In: Automata 2008: Theory and Applications of Cellular Automata, Bristol, UK, June 12-14, 2008 , Bristol, UK, June 12-14, 2008 . Bristol, UK: UNSPECIFIED, pp. 292-301

Bull, L. and Uroukov, I. S. (2008) Consideration of using learning classifier systems to create a simple neuronal computer. Technical Report. University of the West of England.

Bull, L. (2008) Learning classifier systems in data mining. (125) Springer. ISBN 9783540789789

Bull, L. , Bernad-Mansilla, E. and Holmes, J. (2008) Learning classifier systems in data mining: An introduction. In: Bull, L. , Bernad-Mansilla, E. and Holmes, J. , eds. (2008) Learning Classifier Systems in Data Mining. Springer, pp. 1-15. ISBN 9783540789789

Bull, L. (2008) On lookahead and latent learning in simple learning classifier systems (LCS). Learning Classifier Systems, 4998. pp. 154-168.

Bull, L. , Budd, A. , Stone, C. , Uroukov, I. , Costello, B. d. L. and Adamatzky, A. (2008) Towards unconventional computing through simulated evolution: Control of nonlinear media by a learning classifier system. Artificial Life, 14 (2). pp. 203-222. ISSN 1064-5462

Bull, L. (2008) Unorganised machines in learning classifier systems. Technical Report. University of the West of England.

Bull, L. (2008) A brief note on discrete dynamical learning classifier systems. Technical Report. University of the West of England.

Bull, L. , Studley, M. , Bagnall, A. and Whittley, I. (2007) Accuracy-based learning classifier system ensembles with rule-sharing. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 11 (4). pp. 496-502. ISSN 1089-778X

Bull, L. , O'Hara, T. and Lanzi, P. L. (2007) Anticipation mappings for learning classifier systems. In: IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2007, Singapore, 25-28 September, 2007. Singapore: UNSPECIFIED, pp. 2133-2140

Bull, L. and Uroukov, I. S. (2007) Initial results from the use of learning classifier systems to control in vitro neuronal networks. In: Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, 2007., pp. 369-376

Bull, L. , Studley, M. , Bagnall, A. and Whittley, I. (2007) Learning classifier system ensembles with rule-sharing. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 11 (4). pp. 496-502. ISSN 1089-778X

Bull, L. (2007) Towards canonical learning classifier systems: Simple accuracy, payoff and anticipatory systems. Technical Report. University of the West of England.

Bull, L. , Budd, A. , Stone, C. , Uroukov, I. S. , Costello, B. d. L. and Adamatzky, A. (2007) Towards unconventional computing through simulated evolution: Learning classifier system control of non-linear media. Artificial Life. ISSN 1064-5462

Bull, L. and Adamatzky, A. (2007) A learning classifier system approach to the identification of cellular automata. Journal of Cellular Automata, 2 (1). pp. 21-38. ISSN 1557-5969

Bagnall, A. , Whittley, I. , Studley, M. , Pettipher, M. , Tekiner, F. and Bull, L. (2006) Variance stabilizing regression ensembles for environmental models. In: 2006 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2006 - Vancouver) , Vancouver, Canada, 16-21 July, 2006. Vancouver, Canada: IEEE, pp. 5355-5361

Budd, A. , Stone, C. , Masere, J. , Adamatzky, A. , de Lacy Costello, B. and Bull, L. (2006) Towards machine learning control of chemical computers. In: Adamatzky, A. and Teuscher, C. , eds. (2006) From Utopian to Genuine Unconventional Computers. Frome, UK: Luniver Press, pp. 17-36. ISBN 9780955117091

Bull, L. (2005) Coevolutionary species adaptation genetic algorithms: A continuing SAGA on coupled fitness landscapes. In: Almeida e Costa, F. , ed. (2005) Advances in Artificial Life. Springer, pp. 322-331. ISBN 9783540749134

Bull, L. and Kovacs, T. (2005) Foundations of learning classifier systems: An introduction. In: Bull, L. and Kovacs, T. , eds. (2005) Foundations of Learning Classifier Systems. Springer, pp. 1-17. ISBN 9783540250739

Bull, L. , Studley, M. , Bagnall, T. and Whittley, I. (2005) On the use of rule-sharing in learning classifier system ensembles. In: The 2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2005., pp. 612-617

Bull, L. (2005) Two simple learning classifier systems. In: Bull, L. and Kovacs, T. , eds. (2005) Foundations of Learning Classifier Systems. Springer, p. 913. ISBN 9783540250739

Bull, L. (2004) Lookahead and latent learning in a simple accuracy-based classifier system. In: The 8th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN VIII), Birmingham, UK, 18-22 September 2004. Birmingham, UK: UNSPECIFIED, pp. 1042-1050

Bull, L. (2004) Learning classifier systems: A brief introduction. In: Bull, L. , ed. (2004) Applications of Learning Classifier Systems. Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 1-12. ISBN 9783540211099

Bull, L. , Sha’Aban, J. , Tomlinson, A. , Addison, J. D. and Heydecker, B. G. (2004) Towards distributed adaptive control for road traffic junction signals using learning classifier systems. In: Bull, L. , ed. (2004) Applications of Learning Classifier Systems. Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 276-299. ISBN 9783540211099

Bull, L. (2004) A simple payoff-based learning classifier system. Parallel Problem Solving from Nature-PPSN VIII. pp. 1032-1041.

Bull, L. (2003) Investigating fitness sharing in a simple payoff-based learning classifier system. Technical Report. UWE, Bristol, UK.

Bull, L. and Hurst, J. (2003) Lookahead and latent learning in a neural learning classifier system with self-adaptive constructivism. Technical Report. UWE, UWE Learning classifier systems group technical report.

Bull, L. and Wyatt, D. (2003) On simplifying the payoff prediction in accuracy-based learning classifier system. Technical Report. University of the West of England.

Bull, L. and Hurst, J. (2003) A neural learning classifier system with self-adaptive constructivism. In: The 2003 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2003., pp. 991-997

Bull, L. (2003) A simple accuracy-based learning classifier system. Technical Report. University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.

Bull, L. , Wyatt, D. and Parmee, I. (2002) Towards the use of XCS in interactive evolutionary design. In: Langdon, W. , ed. (2002) GECCO-2002: proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, p. 951. ISBN 9781558608788

Bull, L. and Hurst, J. (2002) ZCS Redux. Evolutionary Computation, 10 (2). pp. 185-205. ISSN 1063-6560

Bull, L. and O’Hara, T. (2002) Accuracy-based neuro and neuro-fuzzy classifier systems. In: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 1999., pp. 905-911

Bull, L. and Studley, M. (2002) Consideration of multiple objectives in neural learning classifier systems. In: Merelo, J. J. , Adamidis, P. and Beyer, H.-G. , eds. (2002) Parallel Problem Solving from Nature—PPSN VII. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45712-7_53: Springer, pp. 549-557. ISBN 9783540441397

Bull, L. , Wyatt, D. and Parmee, I. (2002) Initial modifications to XCS for use in interactive evolutionary design. In: Merelo, J. J. , Adamidis, P. and Beyer, H.-G. , eds. (2002) Parallel Problem Solving from Nature—PPSN VII. Springer, pp. 568-577. ISBN 978-3-540-44139-7

Bull, L. (2002) Lookahead and latent learning in ZCS. In: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference 2002, 2002., pp. 897-904

Bull, L. (2002) On accuracy-based fitness. Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications, 6 (3). pp. 154-161. ISSN 1432-7643

Bull, L. (2002) On using constructivism in neural classifier systems. In: Merelo, J. J. , Adamidis, P. and Beyer, H.-G. , eds. (2002) Parallel Problem Solving From Nature—PPSN VII. Springer, pp. 558-567. ISBN 9783540441397

Bull, L. (2001) On coevolutionary genetic algorithms. Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications, 5 (3). pp. 201-207. ISSN 1432-7643

Bull, L. (2001) Simple markov models of the genetic algorithm in classifier systems: Multi-step tasks. In: Lanzi, P. L. , Stolzmann, W. and Wilson, S. W. , eds. (2001) Advances in Learning Classifier Systems. Springer, pp. 299-306. ISBN 9783540437932

Bull, L. and Hurst, J. (2001) ZCS: Theory and practice: UWE Learning Classifier Systems Group Technical Report 01. Technical Report. University of the West of England.

Bull, L. , Holland, O. and Blackmore, S. (2000) On meme-gene coevolution. Artificial Life, 6 (3). pp. 227-235. ISSN 1064-5462

Bull, L. and Hurst, J. (2000) Self-adaptive mutation in ZCS controllers. In: Cagnoni, S. , Poli, R. , Smith, G. D. , Corne, D. , Oates, M. , Hart, E. , Lanzi, P. L. , Willem, E. J. , Li, Y. , Paechter, B. and Fogarty, T. C. , eds. (2000) Real-World Applications of Evolutionary Computing. Springer, pp. 342-349. ISBN 9783540673538

Bull, L. , Hurst, J. and Tomlinson, A. (2000) Self-adaptive mutation in classifier system controllers. In: Meyer, J.-A. , Berthoz, A. , Floreano, D. , Roitblat, H. L. and Wilson, S. W. , eds. (2000) From Animals to Animats 6. MIT Press, pp. 460-467. ISBN 9780262632003

Bull, L. (1999) On evolving social systems: Communication, speciation and symbiogenesis. Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 5 (3). pp. 281-302. ISSN 1381-298X

Bull, L. (1999) On model-based evolutionary computation. Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications, 3 (2). pp. 76-82. ISSN 1432-7643

Bull, L. (1999) On the Baldwin effect. Artificial life, 5 (3). pp. 241-246. ISSN 1064-5462

Bull, L. (1999) On the evolution of eukaryotes: Computational models of symbiogenesis and multicellularity. Lectures on Mathematics in the Life Sciences. pp. 31-46. ISSN 0075-8523

Bull, L. (1999) On the evolution of multicellularity and eusociality. Artificial life, 5 (1). pp. 1-15. ISSN 1064-5462

Bull, L. (1999) On using ZCS in a simulated continuous double-auction market. In: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-99), 1999., pp. 83-90

Bull, L. (1998) Evolutionary computing in multi-agent environments: Operators. In: Porto, V. W. , Saravanan, N. , Waagen, D. and Eiben, A. E. , eds. (1998) Evolutionary Programming VII. Springer, pp. 43-52. ISBN 9783540648918

Bull, L. (1998) On zcs in multi-agent environments. In: Eiben, A. , Bäck, T. , Schoenauer, M. and Schwefel, H.-P. , eds. (1998) Parallel Problem Solving from Nature—PPSN V. Springer, pp. 471-480. ISBN 9783540650782

Bull, L. and Fogarty, T. (1997) Horizontal gene transfer in endosymbiosis. In: Bull, L. , ed. (1997) Proceedings of the 5th International workshop on Artificial Life: Synthesis and simulation of living systems. Bradford book, pp. 77-84. ISBN 0262621118

Bull, L. (1997) Model-based evolutionary computing: A neural network and genetic algorithm architecture. In: IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, 1997, Ashikaga Institute of Technology, Tochigi, Japan, 13-16 APRIL 1997., pp. 611-616

Bull, L. and Holland, O. (1997) Evolutionary computing in multi-agent environments: Eusociality. In: Proceedings of the Second Annual Conference on Genetic Programming, 1997., pp. 347-352

Bull, L. (1997) Evolutionary computing in multi-agent environments: Partners. In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1997., pp. 370-377

Bull, L. (1997) On the evolution of Eukaryotes. In: Mathematical and computational biology: Computational morphogenesis, hierarchical complexity, and digital evolution: an international workshop, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu City, Japan, 21st - 25th October, 1997., p. 31

Bull, L. (1997) On the evolution of multicellularity. In: Husbands, P. and Harvey, I. , eds. (1997) Fourth European Conference on Artificial Life [ECAL '97]. London: Cambridge, pp. 190-196. ISBN 9780262581578

Bull, L. and Fogarty, T. C. (1996) Evolutionary computing in cooperative multi-agent environments. Proceedings of the Adaptation, Coevolution and Learning in Multiagent Systems. pp. 22-27.

Bull, L. and Fogarty, T. (1996) Evolutionary computing in multi-agent environments: Speciation and symbiogenesis. In: Voigt, H.-M. , Ebeling, W. , Rechenberg, I. and Schwefel, H.-P. , eds. (1996) Parallel Problem Solving from Nature—PPSN IV. Springer, pp. 12-21. ISBN 9783540617235

Bull, L. , Fogarty, T. C. , Mikami, S. and Thomas, J. (1995) Adaptive gait acquisition using multi-agent learning for wall climbing robots. Automation and Robotics in Construction XII. pp. 80-86.

Bull, L. , Fogarty, T. and Pipe, A. G. (1995) Artificial endosymbiosis. In: Fernando, A. e. C. , ed. (1995) Advances in Artificial Life. Springer, pp. 273-289. ISBN 9783540749134

Bull, L. (1995) Artificial symbiology: Evolution in cooperative multi-agent environments. PhD, University of the West of England.

Bull, L. , Fogarty, T. C. and Snaith, M. (1995) Evolution in multi-agent systems: Evolving communicating classifier systems for gait in a quadrupedal robot. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms., pp. 382-388

Bull, L. and Fogarty, T. C. (1994) Evolving cooperative communicating classifier systems. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference on Evolutionary Programming (EP94), 1994., pp. 308-315

Bull, L. and Fogarty, T. C. (1994) Parallel evolution of communicating classifier systems. In: Proceedings of the First IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation, 1994. IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, 1994., pp. 680-685

Bull, L. and Fogarty, T. C. (1994) An evolution strategy and genetic algorithm hybrid: An initial implementation and first results. In: Fogarty, T. C. , ed. (1994) Evolutionary Computing. Springer, pp. 95-102. ISBN 9783540584834

Bull, L. and Fogarty, T. C. (1993) Co-evolving communicating classifier systems for tracking. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Neural Networks and Genetic Algoriths, 1993.

C

Casillas, J. , Carse, B. and Bull, L. (2008) Reinforcement learning by an accuracy-based fuzzy classifier system with real-valued output. In: International Workshop on Genetic Fuzzy Systems, 2008.

Casillas, J. , Carse, B. and Bull, L. (2007) Fuzzy-XCS: A michigan genetic fuzzy system. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 15 (4). pp. 536-550. ISSN 10636706

Casillas, J. , Carse, B. and Bull, L. (2004) Fuzzy XCS: An accuracy-based fuzzy classifier system. Proc. 12th Spanish Conference on Fuzzy Logic and Technologies. pp. 369-376.

Casillias, J. , Carse, B. and Bull, L. (2004) An accuracy-based fuzzy classifier system. In: 12th Spanish Conference on Fuzzy Logic and Technologies, 2004., pp. 369-376

Cao, Y. , Ireson, N. , Bull, L. and Miles, R. (2000) Distributed learning control of traffic signals. In: Cagnoni, S. , Poli, R. , Smith, G. , Corne, D. , Oates, M. , Hart, E. , Lanzi, P. , Willem, E. , Li, Y. , Paechter, B. and Fogarty, T. , eds. (2000) Real-world Applications of Evolutionary Computing. Springer, pp. 159-160. ISBN 9783540673538

Cao, Y. , Ireson, N. , Bull, L. and Miles, R. (1999) Design of a traffic junction controller using classifier system and fuzzy logic. In: Reusch, B. , ed. (1999) Computational Intelligence. Springer, pp. 342-353. ISBN 9783540660507

D

de Lacy Costello, B. , Toth, R. , Stone, C. , Adamatzky, A. and Bull, L. (2009) Implementation of glider guns in the light-sensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium. Physical Review E, 79 (2). 026114. ISSN 1539-3755

E

Erbas, M. D. , Winfield, A. F. T. and Bull, L. (2011) Towards imitation-enhanced reinforcement learning in multi-agent systems. In: 2011 IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life (ALIFE), 2011., pp. 6-13

F

Fogarty, T. C. , Bull, L. and Carse, B. (1995) Evolving multi-agent systems. Genetic Algorithms in Engineering and Computer Science. pp. 3-22.

Fogarty, T. C. and Bull, L. (1995) Optimising individual control rules and multiple communicating rule-based control systems with parallel distributed genetic algorithms. IEE Proceedings: Control Theory and Applications, 142 (3). pp. 211-215. ISSN 1350-2379

H

Howard, D. , Gale, E. , Bull, L. , de Lacy Costello, B. and Adamatzky, A. (2012) Evolution of plastic learning in spiking networks via memristive connections. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 16 (5). pp. 711-729. ISSN 1089-778X

Howard, G. D. , Gale, E. , Bull, L. , de Lacy Costello, B. and Adamatzky, A. (2011) Evolving spiking networks with variable memristors. In: GECCO '11 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, 2011., pp. 1275-1282

Holley, J. , Jahan, I. , de Lacy Costello, B. , Bull, L. and Adamatzky, A. (2011) Logical and arithmetic circuits in Belousov-Zhabotinsky encapsulated disks. Physical Review E, 84 (5). 056110. ISSN 1539-3755

Howard, D. and Bull, L. (2010) A spiking neural repesentation for XCSF. In: 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), Barcelona, Spain, 18-23 July 2010. Barcelona: UNSPECIFIED

Howard, G. D. , Bull, L. and Lanzi, P. L. (2009) Towards continuous actions in continuous space and time using self-adaptive constructivism in neural XCSF. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, Montreal, Canada, 2009., pp. 1219-1226

Howard, G. and Bull, L. (2008) On the effects of node duplication and connection-oriented constructivism in neural XCSF. In: 2008 GECCO conference companion on genetic and evolutionary computation, Atlanta, USA, July 12 - 16, 2008. Atlanta, USA: UNSPECIFIED, pp. 1977-1984

Howard, D. , Bull, L. and Lanzi, P. L. (2008) Self-adaptive constructivism in neural xcs and xcsf. In: Proceedings of the 2008 genetic and evolutionary computation conference, 2008.

Hurst, J. and Bull, L. (2006) A neural learning classifier system with self-adaptive constructivism for mobile robot control. Artificial Life, 12 (3). pp. 353-380. ISSN 1064-5462

Hurst, J. and Bull, L. (2004) A self-adaptive neural learning classifier system with constructivism for mobile robot control. In: Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN VIII), Birmingham, UK, 18-22 September, 2004. Birmingham, UK: Springer, pp. 942-951

Hurst, J. and Bull, L. (2003) Robotic experimentation using constructivism within a neural learning classifier system. Technical Report. UWE.

Hurst, J. , Bull, L. and Melhuish, C. (2002) TCS learning classifier system controller on a real robot. In: Merelo, J. J. , Adamidis, P. and Beyer, H.-G. , eds. (2002) Parallel problem solving from nature—PPSN VII. Springer, pp. 588-597. ISBN 9783540441397

Hurst, J. , Bull, L. and Melhuish, C. (2002) ZCS and TCS learning classifier system controllers on real robots. Technical Report. UWE.

Hurst, J. and Bull, L. (2002) A self-adaptive XCS. In: Lanzi, P. L. , Stolzmann, W. and Wilson, S. W. , eds. (2002) Advances in Learning Classifier Systems. Springer, pp. 57-73. ISBN 9783540437932

Hurst, J. and Bull, L. (2001) Self-adaptation in classifier system controllers. Artificial Life and Robotics, 5 (2). pp. 109-119. ISSN 1433-5298

Hurst, J. and Bull, L. (2001) A self-adaptive classifier system. In: Lanzi, P. L. , Stolzmann, W. and Wilson, S. W. , eds. (2001) Advances in Learning Classifier Systems. Springer, pp. 70-79. ISBN 9783540424376

I

Ireson, N. , Cao, Y. , Bull, L. and Miles, R. (2000) A communication architecture for multi-agent learning systems. In: Cagnoni, S. , Poli, R. , Smith, G. D. , Corne, D. , Oates, M. , Hart, E. , Lanzi, P. L. , Willem, E. J. , Li, Y. , Paechter, B. and Fogarty, T. C. , eds. (2000) Real-World Applications of Evolutionary Computing: EvoWorkshops 2000. Springer, pp. 119-147. ISBN 9783540673538

K

Kharbat, F. , Odeh, M. ed and Bull, L. (2008) Knowledge discovery from medical data: an empirical study with XCS. In: Bull, L. , Bernado-Mansilla, E. and Holmes, J. , eds. (2008) Learning Classifier Systems in Data Mining. Springer. ISBN 9783540789789

Kharbat, F. , Odeh, M. ed and Bull, L. (2008) A new hybrid architecture for the discovery and compaction of knowledge from breast cancer datasets. Technical Report. University of the West of England.

Kovacs, T. and Bull, L. (2007) Toward a better understanding of rule initialisation and deletion. In: Lipson, H. , ed. (2007) Proceedings of the 2007 GECCO Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation. London, England: ACM, pp. 2777-2780. ISBN 9781595936974

Kharbat, F. , Bull, L. and Odeh, M. ed (2007) Mining breast cancer data with XCS. In: Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, 2007., pp. 2066-2073

Kharbat, F. , Odeh, M. ed and Bull, L. (2007) New approach for extracting knowledge from the XCS learning classifier system. International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems, 4 (2). pp. 49-62. ISSN 1448-5869

Kharbat, F. , Bull, L. and Odeh, M. ed (2005) Revisiting genetic selection in the XCS learning classifier system. In: The 2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2005., pp. 2061-2068

L

Langdon, W. , Cant{\'u}-Paz, E. , Mathias, K. , Roy, R. , Davis, D. , Poli, R. , Balakrishnan, K. , Honavar, V. , Rudolph, G. , Wegener, J. and Bull, L. (2002) GECCO 2002: Proceedings of the genetic and evolutionary computation conference. In: Langdon, W. , Cant u Paz, E. , Mathias, K. , Roy, R. , Davis, D. , Poli, R. , Balakrishnan, K. , Honavar, V. , Rudolph, G. , Wegener, J. and Bull, L. , eds. (2002) GECCO-2002: proceedings of the genetic and evolutionary computation conference. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. ISBN 1558608788

M

Miranda, E. , Bull, L. , Gueguen, F. and Uroukov, I. (2009) Computer music meets unconventional computing: Towards sound synthesis with in vitro neuronal networks. Computer Music Journal, 33 (1). pp. 9-18. ISSN 0148-9267

O

O’Hara, T. and Bull, L. (2007) Backpropagation in accuracy-based neural learning classifier systems. In: Bacardit, J. , Bernadó-Mansilla, E. , Butz, M. V. , Kovacs, T. , Llorà, X. and Takadama, K. , eds. (2007) Learning Classifier Systems. Springer, pp. 25-39. ISBN 9783540881384

O'Hara, T. and Bull, L. (2005) Building anticipations in an accuracy-based learning classifier system by use of an artificial neural network. In: O'Hara, T. and Bull, L. , eds. (2005) The 2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. (3) IEEE, pp. 2046-2052. ISBN 0780393635

O'Hara, T. and Bull, L. (2005) A memetic accuracy-based neural learning classifier system. In: The 2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2005., pp. 2040-2045

O'Hara, T. and Bull, L. (2004) Prediction calculation in accuracy-based neural learning classifier systems. Technical Report. UWE.

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Preen, R. and Bull, L. (2009) Discrete dynamical genetic programming in XCS. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual conference on genetic and evolutionary computation, Montreal, Canada, July 8-12, 2009. Montreal, Canada: UNSPECIFIED, pp. 1299-1306

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Sapin, E. , Bull, L. and Adamatzky, A. (2009) Genetic approaches to search for computing patterns in cellular automata. Computational Intelligence Magazine, IEEE, 4 (3). pp. 20-28. ISSN 1556-603X

Sapin, E. , Bull, L. and Adamatzky, A. (2009) Genetic approaches to search for computing patterns in cellular automata. IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, 4 (3). pp. 20-28. ISSN 1556-603X

Stone, C. and Bull, L. (2009) Evolution of cellular automata with memory: the density classification task. Biosystems, 97 (2). pp. 108-116. ISSN 0303-2647

Stone, C. and Bull, L. (2009) Solving the density classification task using cellular automaton 184 with memory. Complex Systems, 18 (3). pp. 329-344. ISSN 0891-2513

Stone, C. , Toth, R. , de Lacy Costello, B. , Bull, L. and Adamatzky, A. (2008) Coevolving cellular automata with memory for chemical computing: Boolean logic gates in the BZ reaction. In: Rudolph , Günter , Jansen, T. , Lucas, S. M. , Poloni , C. and Beume, N. , eds. (2008) Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN X: 10th International Conference Dortmund, Germany, September 13-17, 2008. 2008 edition. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer , pp. 579-588. ISBN 9783540876991

Stone, C. , Toth, R. , de Lacy Costello, B. , Adamatzky, A. and Bull, L. (2008) Co-evolving cellular automatat with memory for chemical computing: Boolean logic gates in the BZ reaction. In: 10th International Conference Parallel problem solving from Nature- PPSN X, Dortmund, Germany, 13th - 17th September, 2008.

Stone, C. and Bull, L. (2008) Foreign exchange trading using a learning classifier system. In: Bernadó-Mansilla , E. and Holmes, J. , eds. (2008) Learning classifier systems in data mining. (125) 2008. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 169-189. ISBN 9783540789789

Sapin, E. and Bull, L. (2008) Searching for glider guns in cellular automata: Exploring evolutionary and other techniques. Artificial Evolution. pp. 255-265.

Sapin, E. and Bull, L. (2008) The emergence of glider guns in cellular automata found by evolutionary algorithms. Technical Report. University of the West of England.

Sapin, E. , Bull, L. and Adamatzky, A. (2007) A genetic approach to search for glider guns in cellular automata. In: IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation, 2007, Singapore, 25-28 September, 2007., pp. 2456-2462

Smith, M. and Bull, L. (2007) Improving the human readability of features constructed by genetic programming. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annual conference on Genetic and Evolutionary computation, London, England, July 7-11, 2007. London: ACM, pp. 1694-1701

Stone, C. , Toth, R. , Adamatzky, A. , de Lacy Costello, B. and Bull, L. (2007) Towards the coevolution of cellular automata controllers for chemical computing with the B-Z reaction. In: 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, London, England, July 7-11, 2007. London: UNSPECIFIED, pp. 472-478

Studley, M. and Bull, L. (2007) Using the XCS classifier system for multi-objective reinforcement learning problems. Artificial Life, 13 (1). pp. 69-86. ISSN 1064-5462

Studley, M. and Bull, L. (2007) Using the XCS classifier system for multi-objective reinforcement learning problems. Artificial Life, 13 (1). pp. 69-86. ISSN 1064-5462

Studley, M. , Whittley, I. M. , Tekiner, F. , Bull, L. , Bagnall, A. J. and Pettipher, M. (2006) SCDM User Guide. Other. University of the West of England.

Studley, M. and Bull, L. (2005) X-TCS: Accuracy-based learning classifier system robotics. 2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 3. pp. 2099-2106.

Stone, C. and Bull, L. (2005) An analysis of continuous-valued representations for learning classifier systems. In: Bull, L. and Kovacs, T. , eds. (2005) Foundations of learning classifier systems. Springer, pp. 127-178. ISBN 9783540250739

Stone, C. and Bull, L. (2005) Comparing XCS and ZCS on noisy continuous valued environments. Technical Report. UWE.

Smith, M. G. and Bull, L. (2005) Genetic programming with a genetic algorithm for feature construction and selection. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 6 (3). pp. 265-281. ISSN 1389-2576

Smith, M. and Bull, L. (2004) GAP: Constructing and selecting features with evolutionary computing. In: Ghosh, A. , ed. (2004) Evolutionary Computation in Data Mining (Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing). 2005 edition. Springer, pp. 41-56. ISBN 9783540223702

Smith, M. and Bull, L. (2004) Using genetic programming for feature creation with a genetic algorithm feature selector. In: Parallel Problem solving from nature, PPSN VIII, Birmingham, UK, 18-22 SEPTEMBER, 2004. Birmingham, UK: Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 1163-1171

Smith, M. and Bull, L. (2004) Using genetic programming for feature creation with a genetic algorithm feature selector. In: Yao, X. , Burke, E. K. , Lozano, José A. , Smith, J. , Merelo-Guervós, J. Julián, Bullinaria, J. A. , Rowe, J. E. , Tiňo, P. , Kabán, A. and Schwefel, H.-P. , eds. (2004) Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN VIII. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 1163-1171. ISBN 978-3-540-23092-2

Stone, C. and Bull, L. (2003) A note on crossover with interval representations. Technical Report. Citeseer.

Staggemeier, A. T. , Clark, A. , Smith, J. and Bull, L. (2003) Genetic algorithm and linear programing to solve a lot-sizing and scheduling problem. In: Proceedings of the 6th Biannual Model and Algorithms to Production and Scheduling Problems 2003, Aussois, France, April, 2003., pp. 159-160

Stone, C. and Bull, L. (2003) For Real! XCS with Continuous-Valued Inputs. Evolutionary Computation, 11 (3). pp. 299-336. ISSN 1063-6560

Smith, M. and Bull, L. (2003) Feature construction and selection using genetic programming and a genetic algorithm. In: Ryan, C. , Soule, T. , Keijzer, M. , Tsang, E. , Poli, R. and Costa, E. , eds. (2003) Genetic Programming. Springer, pp. 229-237. ISBN 9783540009719

Stone, C. and Bull, L. (2003) Towards learning classifier systems for continuous-valued online environments. In: Cantu-Paz, E. , ed. (2003) GECCO'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation: Part II. Springer, p. 209. ISBN 3540406034

Sha'Aban, J. , Tomlinson, A. , Heydecker, B. G. and Bull, L. (2002) Adaptive traffic control using evolutionary algorithms. In: 13th Mini-Euro Conference, Bari, Italy, Bari, Italy, 10-13 June, 2002. Bari, Italy: UNSPECIFIED

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Tekiner, F. , Pettipher, M. , Bull, L. , Studley, M. , Whittley, I. and Bagnall, T. (2010) Parallel data mining-case study. Technical Report. University of Manchester.

Toth, R. , Stone, C. , Adamatzky, A. , de Lacy Costello, B. and Bull, L. (2009) Experimental validation of binary collisions between wave fragments in the photosensitive Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 41 (4). pp. 1605-1615. ISSN 0960-0779

Toth, R. , Stone, C. , Adamatzky, A. , de Lacy Costello, B. and Bull, L. (2009) Experimental validation of binary collisions between wave fragments in the photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 41 (4). pp. 1605-1615. ISSN 0960-0779

Toth, R. , Stone, C. , de Lacy Costello, B. , Adamatzky, A. and Bull, L. (2009) Simple collision-based chemical logic gates with adaptive computing. International Journal of Nanotechnology and Molecular Computation (IJNMC), 1 (3). pp. 1-16. ISSN 1941-6318

Toth , R. , de Lacy Costello, B. , Stone, C. , Masere, J. , Adamatzky, A. and Bull, L. (2009) Spiral formation and degeneration in heterogeneous excitable media. Physical Review E, 79 (3). 035101(R) (4 pages). ISSN 1539-3755

Taylor, A. , Kapetanopoulos, P. , Whitaker, B. , Toth, R. , Bull, L. and Tinsley, M. (2008) Clusters and switchers in globally coupled photochemical oscillators. Physical review letters, 100 (21). p. 214101. ISSN 0031-9007

Toth, R. , Stone, C. , Adamatzky, A. , de Lacy Costello, B. and Bull, L. (2008) Dynamic control and information processing in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction using a coevolutionary algorithm. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 129. p. 184708. ISSN 0021-9606

Toth, R. , Stone, C. , Adamatzky, A. , de Lacy Costello, B. and Bull, L. (2008) Dynamic control and information processing in the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction using a coevolutionary algorithm. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 129 (18). p. 184708. ISSN 0021-9606

Tamee, K. , Bull, L. and Pinngern, O. (2008) Spherical conditions with XCSc. Technical Report. University of the West of England.

Tamee, K. , Bull, L. and Pinngern, O. (2008) Towards clustering with learning classifier systems. In: Bull, L. , Bernadó-Mansilla, E. and Holmes, J. , eds. (2008) Learning classifier systems in data mining. Springer, pp. 191-204. ISBN 9783642097751

Toth, R. , Stone, C. , de Lacy Costello, B. , Adamatzky, A. and Bull, L. (2008) Towards designing collision based chemical logic gates with adaptive computing. In: IPCC 2008, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada, 2008.

Tamee, K. , Bull, L. and Pinngern, O. (2007) Towards clustering with XCS. In: Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, 2007., pp. 1854-1860

Tamee, K. , Bull, L. , Pinngern, O. , Rojanavasu, P. and Srinil, P. (2006) Using a learning classifier system for clustering. In: International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2006. ISCIT'06, 2006., pp. 43-48

Tamee, K. , Bull, L. and Pinngern, O. (2006) A learning classifier system approach to clustering. In: Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, 2006, Jinan, China, Jinan, China, October 16-18, 2006. China: UNSPECIFIED, pp. 621-626

Tomlinson, A. and Bull, L. (2002) An accuracy based corporate classifier system. Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications, 6 (3). pp. 200-215. ISSN 1432-7643

Tomlinson, A. and Bull, L. (2001) Symbiogenesis in learning classifier systems. Artificial Life, 7 (1). pp. 33-61. ISSN 1064-5462

Tomlinson, A. and Bull, L. (1999) On corporate classifier systems: Increasing the benefits of rule linkage. In: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-99), 1999., pp. 649-656

Tomlinson, A. and Bull, L. (1999) A zeroth level corporate classifier system. In: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO’99), 1999., pp. 306-313

Tomlinson, A. and Bull, L. (1998) A corporate classifier system. In: Eiben, A. E. , Bäck, T. , Schoenauer, M. and Schwefel, H.-P. , eds. (1998) Parallel Problem Solving from Nature—PPSN V. Springer, pp. 550-559. ISBN 9783540650782

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Uroukov, I. S. , Ma, M. , Bull, L. and Purcell, W. M. (2006) Electrophysiological measurements in three-dimensional in vivo-mimetic organotypic cell cultures: Preliminary studies with hen embryo brain spheroids. Neuroscience letters, 404 (1). pp. 33-38. ISSN 0304-3940

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Whittley, I. , Bagnall, A. , Bull, L. , Pettipher, M. , Studley, M. and Tekiner, F. (2005) Attribute selection methods for filtered attribute subspace based bagging with injected randomness (FASBIR). In: 2005 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Newport Beach, California, April 23, 2005. Newport Beach, California: UNSPECIFIED, p. 10

Wyatt, D. and Bull, L. (2005) A memetic learning classifier system for describing continuous-valued problem spaces. In: Hart, W. E. , Krasnogor, N. and Smith, J. , eds. (2005) Recent advances in memetic algorithms. Springer, pp. 355-395. ISBN 9783540229049

Wyatt, D. , Bull, L. and Parmee, I. C. (2004) Applying XCSR to Design-Oriented Environments. Technical Report. Citeseer.

Wyatt, D. , Bull, L. and Parmee, I. (2004) Building compact rulesets for describing continuous-valued problem spaces using a learning classifier system. In: Parmee, I. , ed. (2004) Adaptive Computing in Design and Manufacture VI. Springer, pp. 235-248. ISBN 9781852338299

Wyatt, D. and Bull, L. (2002) An investigation into island model rule migration for a number of mobile autonomous learning classifier system agents. In: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, New York, 2002, New York, July 9-13, 2002. New York: Citeseer